Sexual and reproductive health of afrocolombian women victims of the armed conflict in Bojayá, Chocó, Colombia, 2019. Mixed methods study / Salud sexual y reproductiva de mujeres afrocolombianas víctimas del conflicto armado en Bojayá, Chocó, Colombia, 2019. Estudio de métodos mixtos

Objectives: To explore sexual and reproductive health survived the Bojaya massacre, taking into consideration the physical and psychological aspects involved in the full expression of sexuality and reproduction, based on the analysis of clinical assessment records collected in 2018. Material and methods: Mixed study. Descriptive quantitative case series and qualitative narrative study. The quantitative component included 44 women who were direct survivors of an explosive device and the qualitative component that included 10 of them with sexual dysfunction. Convenient sampling was used. Healthcare records were the sources of information. Sociodemographic variables, obstetrical and gynecological history, sexual dysfunction and mental health symptoms, signs and diagnoses based on the ICD X were measured. Descriptive epidemiological analysis and qualitative narrative analysis, identifying emerging themes pertaining to the problems experienced and prioritized, as well as significant related events. Results: Mean age was 45 years; 54% had gynecological symptoms; 32% had difficulty accessing contraception; 23% had sexual dysfunctions; 13.63% had a history of sexual violence and 34% of domestic violence; 61.63% had post-traumatic stress disorder. The qualitative component showed evidence of frequent intimate partner violence, family issues and distress due to untreated symptoms. Conclusions: Routine assessment in women survivors of armed conflicts must include aspects such as potential sexual dysfunction, post-traumatic disorders and a history of polyvictimization. Further descriptive and analytical studies are needed in order to explore these aspects and their interrelations.

Objetivos: explorar la salud sexual y reproductiva, en interfaz con la salud mental, en las mujeres supervivientes de la masacre de Bojayá, considerando los aspectos físicos y psicológicos involucrados en el pleno ejercicio de la sexualidad y en la reproducción a partir del análisis de registros de valoraciones clínicas recolectados en 2018. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo mixto, cuantitativo tipo serie de casos y cualitativo tipo narrativo de tópicos. En el componente cuantitativo participaron 44 mujeres supervivientes directas de un artefacto explosivo; en el componente cualitativo participaron 10 de ellas, que presentaban disfunción sexual. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. Las fuentes de información fueron los registros de atención. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes, ginecobstétricos, síntomas, signos y diagnósticos de disfunción sexual y de salud mental a partir del CIE X. Análisis epidemiológico descriptivo y análisis narrativo cualitativo, en los que se identificaron temáticas emergentes sobre problemáticas vivenciadas y priorizadas, así como eventos significativos relacionados. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 45 años; 54% presentaba sintomatología ginecológica; 32% dificultades para acceder a planificación familiar; 23% disfunciones sexuales; 13,63% antecedente de violencia sexual; y 34% violencia intrafamiliar; 61,36% con trastorno de estrés postraumático; el componente cualitativo evidenció frecuentes vivencias de violencia de pareja, problemas familiares, y sufrimiento por sintomatología no tratada. Conclusiones: en mujeres supervivientes del conflicto armado, deben evaluarse rutinariamente posibles disfunciones sexuales, trastornos postraumáticos, y antecedentes de poli victimización. Son necesarios nuevos estudios descriptivos y analíticos, explorando estos aspectos y sus relaciones.

Salud sexual y reproductiva de mujeres afrocolombianas víctimas del conflicto armado en Bojayá, Chocó, Colombia, 2019. Estudio de métodos mixtos / Sexual and reproductive health of afrocolombian women victims of the armed conflict in Bojayá, Chocó, Colombia, 2019. Mixed methods study

RESUMEN Objetivos: explorar la salud sexual y reproductiva, en interfaz con la salud mental, en las mujeres supervivientes de la masacre de Bojayá, considerando los aspectos físicos y psicológicos involucrados en el pleno ejercicio de la sexualidad y en la reproducción a partir del análisis de registros de valoraciones clínicas recolectados en 2018. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo mixto, cuantitativo tipo serie de casos y cualitativo tipo narrativo de tópicos. En el componente cuantitativo participaron 44 mujeres supervivientes directas de un artefacto explosivo; en el componente cualitativo participaron 10 de ellas, que presentaban disfunción sexual. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. Las fuentes de información fueron los registros de atención. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes, ginecobstétricos, síntomas, signos y diagnósticos de disfunción sexual y de salud mental a partir del CIE X. Análisis epidemiológico descriptivo y análisis narrativo cualitativo, en los que se identificaron temáticas emergentes sobre problemáticas vivenciadas y priorizadas, así como eventos significativos relacionados. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 45 años; 54% presentaba sintomatología ginecológica; 32 % dificultades para acceder a planificación familiar; 23 % disfunciones sexuales; 13,63 % antecedente de violencia sexual; y 34 % violencia intrafamiliar; 61,36 % con trastorno de estrés postraumático; el componente cualitativo evidenció frecuentes vivencias de violencia de pareja, problemas familiares, y sufrimiento por sintomatología no tratada. Conclusiones: en mujeres supervivientes del conflicto armado, deben evaluarse rutinariamente posibles disfunciones sexuales, trastornos postraumáticos, y antecedentes de poli victimización. Son necesarios nuevos estudios descriptivos y analíticos, explorando estos aspectos y sus relaciones.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To explore sexual and reproductive health and its interface with mental health in women who survived the Bojaya massacre, taking into consideration the physical and psychological aspects involved in the full expression of sexuality and reproduction, based on the analysis of clinical assessment records collected in 2018. Material and methods: Mixed study. Descriptive quantitative case series and qualitative narrative study. The quantitative component included 44 women who were direct survivors of an explosive device and the qualitative component that included 10 of them with sexual dysfunction. Convenient sampling was used. Healthcare records were the sources of information. Sociodemographic variables, obstetrical and gynecological history, sexual dysfunction and mental health symptoms, signs and diagnoses based on the ICD X were measured. Descriptive epidemiological analysis and qualitative narrative analysis, identifying emerging themes pertaining to the problems experienced and prioritized, as well as significant related events. Results: Mean age was 45 years; 54% had gynecological symptoms; 32% had difficulty accessing contraception; 23% had sexual dysfunctions; 13.63% had a history of sexual violence and 34% of domestic violence; 61.63% had post-traumatic stress disorder. The qualitative component showed evidence of frequent intimate partner violence, family issues and distress due to untreated symptoms. Conclusions: Routine assessment in women survivors of armed conflicts must include aspects such as potential sexual dysfunction, post-traumatic disorders and a history of polyvictimization. Further descriptive and analytical studies are needed in order to explore these aspects and their interrelations.

Community-Informed Mobile COVID-19 Testing Model to Addressing Health Inequities.

CONTEXT: The New York City (NYC) Test & Trace Corps (Test & Trace), under New York City Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H), set out to provide universal access to COVID-19 testing. Test & Trace partnered with numerous organizations to direct mobile COVID-19 testing from concept through implementation to reduce COVID-19-related health inequities. PROGRAM: Test & Trace employs a community-informed mobile COVID-19 testing model to deliver testing to the hardest-hit, underserved communities. Community partners, uniquely knowledgeable of the residents they serve, are engaged as decision makers and operational partners in mobile COVID-19 testing delivery. IMPLEMENTATION: Through several mobile testing methods, community partners choose testing locations and tailor outreach to their community. Test & Trace assumes logistical responsibility for mobile testing but defers critical programmatic decisions and community engagement to partners. Integral to the success of this program is responsive, bidirectional communication. EVALUATION: During the reporting period of December 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021, Test & Trace's community-informed mobile COVID-19 testing model provided testing to 150351 unique patients and processed 274083 tests in total. The available outcomes data and qualitative feedback provided by community partners illustrate that this intervention, combined with robust governmental investment, successfully ensured that NYC-identified, low-resource neighborhoods had greater access to COVID-19 testing. DISCUSSION: Making community partners decision makers reduced inequities in access to testing for communities of color. In addition, the model has served as the framework for Test & Trace's community-informed mobile COVID-19 vaccination program, operated in concert with NYC's Vaccine Command Center, and is a foundation for addressing health inequities at scale, including during public health crises.

Situación de salud en una comunidad afrocolombiana sobreviviente a la masacre de Bojayá, Chocó / Health Status within an Afro-Colombian Community Survivor of the Bojayá Massacre, Chocó / Situação de saúde em uma comunidade afro colombiana sobrevivente ao massacre de Bojayá, Chocó

Resumen Objetivo: En el marco del proyecto de extensión solidaria universitaria "Laboratorio de salud rural e intercultural comunidad de Bojayá, Chocó", este artículo presenta los resultados correspondientes a la fase de diagnóstico individual y la aproximación inicial al diagnóstico colectivo de la situación de salud presente en un colectivo afrocolombiano sobreviviente a una masacre emblemática ocurrida en Colombia. Metodología: Exploración preliminar y elementos de diagnóstico comunitario con 66 sobrevivientes de la masacre del 2 de mayo de 2002 en el poblado de Bellavista, en el municipio de Bojayá, Chocó. Resultados: Se identificaron condiciones socioeconómicas deficientes, diagnósticos clínicos desatendidos, y se efectuó la aproximación inicial a potencialidades disponibles para el afrontamiento de las necesidades en salud individuales y colectivas de la población abordada, representadas en saberes comunitarios y posibilidad de acceso a programas y servicios institucionales en salud para víctimas. Conclusiones: Pese a que transcurrieron más de 15 años desde el momento de ocurrencia de la masacre de Bojayá hasta nuestro trabajo con la comunidad, se encontró persistencia de múltiples necesidades insatisfechas que afectan negativamente la situación de salud individual y colectiva, sin adecuada ni oportuna intervención. Cualquier acción futura que se plantee para atender tales asuntos debe tomar en cuenta las condiciones histórico-sociales que configuran los procesos de salud-enfermedad-cuidado en dicha comunidad.

Abstract Objective: Within the framework of the project of solidary continuing education "Laboratory of rural and intercultural health community of Bojayá, Chocó", this paper presents the results of the individual diagnostic phase and the initial approach to the collective diagnosis of the health status diagnosis presented in an Afro-Colombian group surviving to a notorious massacre occurred in Colombia. Methodology: Preliminary exploration and community diagnosis elements with 66 survivors of the massacre occurred on May 2, 2002 in the Bellavista village, in the municipality of Bojayá, Chocó. Results: Deficient socio-economic conditions and neglected clinical diagnosis were identified. An initial approach to the available potentialities to face the individual and collective health needs of the approached population was made, represented by community knowledge and accessibility to institutional programs and health services for victims. Conclusions: Although more than 15 years have passed from the occurrence of the Bojayá massacre until our work with the community began, the persistence of numerous unsatisfied needs that negatively affect the individual and collective health status, without adequate and timely intervention, was found. Any further action looking to address such matters should take into account the socio-historical conditions that define the health-illness-care process in that community.

Resumo Objetivo: No âmbito do projeto de extensão solidária universitária "Laboratório de saúde rural e intercultural comunidade de Bojayá, Chocó", este artigo apresenta os resultados correspondentes à fase de diagnóstico individual e a aproximação inicial ao diagnóstico coletivo da situação de saúde presente num coletivo afro colombiano sobrevivente a um massacre emblemático ocorrido na Colômbia. Metodologia: Exploração preliminar e elementos de diagnóstico comunitário com 66 sobreviventes do massacre de 2 de maio de 2002 no povoado de Bellavista, no município de Bojayá, Chocó. Resultados: Foram identificadas condições socioeconômicas deficientes, diagnósticos clínicos negligenciados e efetuou-se a aproximação inicial a disponíveis potencialidades para o enfrentamento das necessidades em saúde individuais e coletivas da população abordada, representadas em saberes comunitários e possibilidade de acesso a programas e serviços institucionais em saúde para vítimas. Conclusões: Apesar do fato de que se passaram 15 anos do acontecimento do massacre de Bojayá até o nosso trabalho com a comunidade, foi encontrada a persistência de múltiplas necessidades insatisfeitas que afetam de forma negativa a situação de saúde individual e coletiva, sem intervenção adequada e oportuna. Qualquer ação futura planejada para atender tais assuntos, deve considerar as condições histórico-sociais que caracterizam os processos de saúde-doença-cuidado em tal comunidade.

Salud sexual y reproductiva en mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado / Sexual and reproductive health in women victims of the armed conflict

RESUMEN Objetivo Mostrar las principales afecciones en salud sexual y reproductiva en mujeres víctimas del conflicto y posconflicto armado. Metodología Se hizo una revisión sistemática exploratoria de la literatura nacional e internacional, en idiomas inglés, español y portugués, entre los años 2000 al 2019, en PubMED, EMBASE, Google Scholar, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO; y consulta a informantes clave. Resultados Se encontró en el ámbito internacional que la principal afectación identificada se refirió a violencia sexual. Se encontraron factores de riesgo que la perpetúan, como el entorno familiar, acceso a educación, pobre infraestructura de servicios de salud entre otros. Otras afectaciones importantes derivaron en un aumento en la tasa de embarazos y matrimonios. En Colombia el panorama fue similar: las zonas con mayor afección por conflicto tienen más tasa de fecundidad, pobre acceso a atención obstétrica y pobre conocimiento de las ITS. Conclusión Se debe asegurar el acceso a servicios de salud sexual en el conflicto para prevención de enfermedades y asegurar el derecho a la salud sexual y reproductiva.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objetive Show the main conditions in sexual and reproductive health in women victims of the conflicts and armed post-conflicts. Methodology An scoping systematic review was conducted, about literature in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages, between 2000 to the present, in PubMED, EMBASE, Google Scholar, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO and was consulted key informants. Results It was found in the international ambit, the main affectation identified referred to sexual violence, risk factors were found that perpetuate it, such as the family environment, access to education, poor infrastructure of health services among others. Other important effects derive from an increase in the rate of pregnancies and marriages. In Colombia the situation is similar: the areas with the greatest impact due to conflict have a higher fertility rate, poor access to obstetric care, and poor knowledge of STIs. Conclusion Access to sexual health services in the conflict, for disease prevention, and the right to sexual and reproductive health must be ensured.(AU)

Staffing Up For The Surge: Expanding The New York City Public Hospital Workforce During The COVID-19 Pandemic.

Confronted with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, New York City Health + Hospitals, the city's public health care system, rapidly expanded capacity across its eleven acute care hospitals and three new field hospitals. To meet the unprecedented demand for patient care, NYC Health + Hospitals redeployed staff to the areas of greatest need and redesigned recruiting, onboarding, and training processes. The hospital system engaged private staffing agencies, partnered with the Department of Defense, and recruited volunteers throughout the country. A centralized onboarding team created a single-source portal for medical care providers requiring credentialing and established new staff positions to increase efficiency. Using new educational tools focused on COVID-19 content, the hospital system trained twenty thousand staff members, including nearly nine thousand nurses, within a two-month period. Creation of multidisciplinary teams, frequent enterprisewide communication, willingness to shift direction in response to changing needs, and innovative use of technology were the key factors that enabled the hospital system to meet its goals.

[Sexual and reproductive health in women victims of the armed conflict]. / Salud sexual y reproductiva en mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado.

OBJETIVE: Show the main conditions in sexual and reproductive health in women victims of the conflicts and armed post-conflicts. METHODOLOGY: An scoping systematic review was conducted, about literature in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages, between 2000 to the present, in PubMED, EMBASE, Google Scholar, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO and was consulted key informants. RESULTS: It was found in the international ambit, the main affectation identified referred to sexual violence, risk factors were found that perpetuate it, such as the family environment, access to education, poor infrastructure of health services among others. Other important effects derive from an increase in the rate of pregnancies and marriages. In Colombia the situation is similar: the areas with the greatest impact due to conflict have a higher fertility rate, poor access to obstetric care, and poor knowledge of STIs. CONCLUSION: Access to sexual health services in the conflict, for disease prevention, and the right to sexual and reproductive health must be ensured.

OBJETIVO: Mostrar las principales afecciones en salud sexual y reproductiva en mujeres víctimas del conflicto y posconflicto armado. METODOLOGÍA: Se hizo una revisión sistemática exploratoria de la literatura nacional e internacional, en idiomas inglés, español y portugués, entre los años 2000 al 2019, en PubMED, EMBASE, Google Scholar, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO; y consulta a informantes clave. RESULTADOS: Se encontró en el ámbito internacional que la principal afectación identificada se refirió a violencia sexual. Se encontraron factores de riesgo que la perpetúan, como el entorno familiar, acceso a educación, pobre infraestructura de servicios de salud entre otros. Otras afectaciones importantes derivaron en un aumento en la tasa de embarazos y matrimonios. En Colombia el panorama fue similar: las zonas con mayor afección por conflicto tienen más tasa de fecundidad, pobre acceso a atención obstétrica y pobre conocimiento de las ITS. CONCLUSIÓN: Se debe asegurar el acceso a servicios de salud sexual en el conflicto para prevención de enfermedades y asegurar el derecho a la salud sexual y reproductiva.

A Framework for Resident Participation in Population Health.

Population health experiences have become more common in medical education. Yet, most resident population health experiences are in patient panel management and fail to connect with the rapidly growing movement of cross-sector, data-driven, and community-led initiatives dedicated to improving the health of populations defined by geography rather than insurer or employer. In this Perspective, the authors present a five-stage framework for residents' participation in the work of these initiatives. The five stages of this framework are (1) organize and prepare, (2) plan and prioritize, (3) implement, (4) monitor and evaluate, and (5) sustain. In applying this approach, residents stand to acquire new population health skills and augment the value and meaning of their work, while institutions stand to improve the health of the communities they serve, including the health of their own employees. However, a paucity of experienced role models and demanding residency schedules present significant challenges to residents effectively partnering with the community. Residencies and institutions will have to be flexible and committed to being a part of these cross-sector, data-driven, and community-led partnerships over the long term.

Revisiting Primary Care's Critical Role in Achieving Health Equity: Pisacano Scholars' Reflections from Starfield Summit II.

The second Starfield Summit was held in Portland, Oregon, in April 2017. The Summit addressed the role of primary care in advancing health equity by focusing on 4 key domains: social determinants of health in primary care, vulnerable populations, economics and policy, and social accountability. Invited participants represented an interdisciplinary group of primary care clinicians, researchers, educators, policymakers, community leaders, and trainees. The Pisacano Leadership Foundation was one of the Summit sponsors and held its annual leadership symposium in conjunction with the Summit, enabling several Pisacano Scholars to attend the Summit. After the Summit, a small group of current and former Pisacano Scholars formed a writing group to highlight key themes and implications for action discussed at the Summit. The Summit resonated as a call to action for primary care to move beyond identifying existing health inequities and toward the development of interventions that advance health equity, through education, research, and enhanced community partnerships. In doing so, the Summit aimed to build on the foundational work of Dr. Starfield, challenging us to explore the significant role of primary care in truly achieving health equity.